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![]() ![]() Blood also can be analyzed to determine the activity of various enzymes, or protein catalysts, that either are associated with the blood cells or are found free in the blood plasma.īlood also may be analyzed on the basis of properties such as total volume, circulation time, viscosity, clotting time and clotting abnormalities, acidity (pH), levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the clearance rate of various substances ( see kidney function test). Other tests elucidate the shape and structural details of blood cells and hemoglobin and other blood proteins. In addition, certain tests are used to classify blood according to specific red blood cell antigens, or blood groups ( see blood typing). Many tests are designed to determine the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes in the blood, together with the volume, sedimentation rate, and hemoglobin concentration of the red blood cells ( blood count). Tests to measure the concentration of substances in the blood may use plasma, serum, or whole blood that has been anticoagulated to keep all the contents in suspension. Centrifugation can be used to separate the plasma or serum from blood samples. Serum is formed when the plasma or whole blood is allowed to clot. It is distinguished from serum, the clear cell-free fluid in which fibrinogen, a soluble protein normally found in the plasma, has been converted to fibrin, an insoluble clotting protein, and from which fibrin and other clotting proteins have been removed. Plasma is a clear straw-coloured fluid that makes up more than half the volume of blood. ![]() The blood cells- erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes ( platelets)-are suspended in the plasma with other particulate matter. Properties of bloodīlood is composed of plasma and blood cells. Hundreds of hematological tests and procedures have been developed, and many can be carried out simultaneously on one sample of blood with such instruments as autoanalyzers. Blood analysis is commonly carried out on a sample of blood drawn from the vein of the arm, the finger, or the earlobe in some cases, the blood cells of the bone marrow may also be examined. ![]() SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!īlood analysis, laboratory examination of a sample of blood used to obtain information about its physical and chemical properties.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions. ![]()
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